Papaya farming faces numerous challenges, and one of the most common issues is the Stem Rot Disease caused by the fungal pathogen Pythium aphenidermatum. This disease significantly impacts papaya cultivation, affecting plants at various growth stages, from seedlings to mature trees. Below, we discuss the causes, symptoms, and integrated management strategies for this disease.
Causes of Stem Rot Disease
Stem Rot in papaya is caused by fungal infections, primarily during the rainy season. Excess moisture and poor drainage create favorable conditions for the fungus to thrive, leading to widespread damage.
Symptoms of Stem Rot Disease
- Early Signs: The disease initially manifests as water-soaked lesions on the stem near the soil line. These lesions gradually enlarge and encircle the stem.
- Advanced Stage: The affected area decays, causing the stem to weaken and break.
- Effects on Plants:
- Seedlings: Infection in germinating seeds results in seed rot, preventing proper growth.
- Mature Plants: Leaves turn yellow, fall prematurely, and the plant may eventually collapse.
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Stages of Plant Vulnerability
- Growth Stage: Actively growing plants are highly susceptible.
- Plant Parts Affected: The fungus primarily attacks the roots and the base of the stem.
Management Practices
- Chemical Control:
- Apply Ridomil MZ 72 or Carbendazim-based fungicides (e.g., Aimcozim). Mix 20 grams of the fungicide in 10 liters of water and spray the solution thoroughly over the affected area.
- Repeat the spray every 12–15 days, applying 2–3 times as necessary.
- Exercise caution while spraying and follow safety guidelines.
- Preventive Measures:
- Soil Treatment: Sterilize seedbed soil using a 5% formalin solution.
- Seed Treatment: Treat seeds with fungicides like Bavistin before sowing.
- Water Management: Ensure proper drainage in the papaya orchard to prevent waterlogging.
- Integrated Management:
- Remove and destroy infected seedlings immediately.
- Apply 1% Bordeaux mixture, 0.4% Cupravit, or 0.2% Ridomil Gold around the base of infected plants.
Additional Recommendations
- For minor infections, apply a mixture of lime and copper sulfate (10 grams each in 1 liter of water) directly to the affected area using a brush.
- Avoid overhead irrigation; instead, opt for ring irrigation to prevent water accumulation around the plant base.
Preparation for Planting
- Maintain optimal drainage in the papaya orchard.
- Treat seeds with fungicides before planting to minimize fungal infections.
By implementing these measures, farmers can effectively manage Stem Rot Disease and ensure healthy growth and higher yields of papaya crops.
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